面对供应过剩、价格战以及欧盟、印度、巴基斯坦和巴西等主要出口市场日益增长的保护主义威胁，中国领先的光伏出口商——包括天合光能、隆基绿能和通威股份——承诺停止在海外市场的价格下调竞争。这一举措旨在稳定出口市场，推动行业可持续发展。 主要动态 行业协作： 由 中国机电产品进出口商会 牵头成立了由 22家光伏企业 组成的“自律”委员会，致力于促进健康竞争，稳定出口价格。 政策调整： 自 12月1日 起，硅片、电池片和组件的出口退税率将从 13% 降至 9% ，旨在鼓励出口高附加值产品，减少反倾销调查风险。 产能过剩危机： 过度生产导致价格下滑，造成大量亏损、裁员，甚至企业破产，给中国光伏企业带来沉重压力。 全球影响： 中国在光伏出口市场的主导地位受到越来越多的关注，外国市场可能采取反补贴措施，这为行业增加了更多的不确定性。 专家观点 大和证券分析师Dennis Ip： 退税率下调可能对光伏组件公司的短期财务状况产生负面影响，但从长期来看影响有限。 隆基绿能的观点： 行业领导者认为，这一举措是中国光伏行业的“转折点”，强调合作对于维持全球竞争力的重要性。 展望 随着中国光伏企业努力实现市场稳定，向高附加值产品和合作战略的转型有望改善行业的全球形象和长期韧性。然而， 产能过剩 和 退税减少 的直接挑战依然严峻。在国际市场压力下，如何平衡短期财务影响与长期发展需求，将成为行业关键议题
President-elect Donald Trump’s pledge to impose tariffs on the United States' largest trading partners—Canada, Mexico, and China—has sent shockwaves through the auto and tech industries, as companies with significant operations in Mexico brace for potential trade wars.
Impact on Asian Automakers
- Honda Motor: Ships 80% of its Mexican production to the U.S.. COO Shinji Aoyama warned that permanent tariffs could force the company to reconsider its manufacturing footprint.
- Nissan Motor: Operates two plants in Mexico, producing 505,000 vehicles in the first nine months of 2024, including models like the Sentra and Versa for the U.S. market.
- Toyota Motor: Manufactures the Tacoma pick-up truck exclusively in Mexico, exporting 230,000 units to the U.S. last year, representing 10% of its U.S. sales.
- Mazda: Exported 120,000 vehicles from Mexico to the U.S. in 2023, with President Masahiro Moro stating that tariff resolutions require broader collaboration beyond individual companies.
- Kia Corp: Operates a plant producing Kia vehicles and Hyundai’s Santa Fe SUVs for U.S. exports.
Tesla and Its Suppliers
- Tesla: Encouraged Chinese suppliers to establish plants in Mexico in 2023, initially planning for production at a Mexican Gigafactory by 2025. However, Tesla has shifted focus to expanding its Texas facility.
Chinese Automakers and Suppliers
- Yanfeng Automotive Interiors: Supplies automakers like General Motors and Toyota with components made in Mexico.
- BYD and JAC Motors: BYD plans a plant in Mexico for the domestic market, while JAC Motors operates a joint venture assembling vehicles in Mexico since 2017.
- SAIC’s MG: Announced plans for a new plant in Mexico.
Tech and Electronics Manufacturers
- Foxconn: Collaborating with Nvidia on a large AI server factory in Mexico, with production of liquid-cooled servers scheduled to begin next year.
- Lenovo: Operates a massive production site in Monterrey, producing servers and data center products exclusively for the North American market.
- LG Electronics: Manufactures TVs, home appliances, and EV parts in Mexico and is currently reviewing the potential impact of changing trade policies.
What’s Next?
Trump’s 25% tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico and an additional 10% on Chinese goods could disrupt supply chains and raise costs for these companies. As trade policies evolve, manufacturers face tough decisions on whether to relocate operations, absorb increased costs, or pass them on to consumers.
The ripple effects of these tariffs are likely to extend beyond Mexico, shaping global trade and industry dynamics.
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