China’s factory sector extended its decline in October, marking the longest manufacturing slump in nearly a decade as economic headwinds deepen in the year’s final quarter.
Manufacturing Weakens Further
The official manufacturing PMI fell to 49 in October from 49.8 in September — below the 50 mark that separates growth from contraction. This also missed economists’ expectations of 49.6, according to Bloomberg.
The non-manufacturing PMI, covering construction and services, edged up slightly to 50.1, suggesting only marginal improvement outside the factory floor. Analysts attributed part of the weakness to the extended eight-day national holiday, which reduced working days.
“Manufacturing firms’ production and market demand both fell,” said Huo Lihui, a statistician at the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
Trade Relief Offers Only Temporary Boost
Growth Faces Pressure in Final Quarter
China’s GDP growth slowed last quarter to its weakest pace in a year, and economists expect further decelerationthrough the final three months of 2025. The government still targets around 5% growth for the year, but some analysts see the slowest quarterly performance since the 2022 lockdowns.
Adding to the drag, the output sub-index within the PMI turned negative for the first time since April, signalling weaker factory production. Domestic demand remains subdued as households turn more cautious about spending and jobs.
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