British government debt has surged to 100% of GDP for the first time in modern history, creating additional challenges for Finance Minister Rachel Reeves as she prepares her tax and spending plans. According to the Office for National Statistics, this marks the first time public sector net debt (excluding public sector-owned banks) has hit this level since 1993.
Government borrowing reached £13.734 billion in August, £3.3 billion more than the same month last year, exceeding expectations. Weak economic growth, alongside increased spending on social benefits and inflation-driven expenditures, contributed to the higher-than-expected deficit.
Reeves, who has warned that tax increases will be necessary in her October 30 budget, has limited options after ruling out hikes in income, corporation, and value-added taxes. This leaves little room to address public service demands or increase investment, according to PwC economist Gora Suri.
Over the first five months of the 2024/25 financial year, the government has borrowed £64.1 billion, about £6 billion more than projected by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). Debt, excluding the Bank of England, also rose to 92% of the economy, another record high.
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